Forest panels to be reconstituted

Forest minister K.B. Ganesh Kumar has said the constituency level forest committees in the district will be reconstituted to solve the issues related to forests and wildlife.

Speaking to mediapersons here on Tuesday, after attending a meeting of the representatives of political parties, three-tier local administrative bodies, and senior officials of Forest and Revenue Departments, Mr. Ganesh Kumar said the committees would discuss all the welfare activities and protection measures related to the two forest divisions and Wayanad Wild life Sanctuary (WWS) in the district.

The Minister’s meeting with the officials was to form a consensus on various issues relating to forests and wildlife such as a ban on parking of vehicles along National Highway 212 inside the WWS during night and demarcation of the ecological sensitive zone around the sanctuary.

The MLAs of each constituency would be the chairmen of the committees and Divisional Forest Officers or Warden the conveners. Presidents of local bodieswould be the members.


Source: http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/forest-panels-to-be-reconstituted/article4359498.ece

Birding Fair devoted to conservation of urban lakes

The 16th Birding Fair, starting at the scenic Man Sagar lake here this Friday, will be devoted to conservation of urban lakes which are getting extinct at an alarming rate because of lack of priority and inadequate administrative control in most of the cities. Ironically lakes are dying out at a time when the crisis for water is increasing.

The two-day fair, organised by the Tourism and Wildlife Society of India, will be led by Rani Vidya Devi of Jaipur's erstwhile royal family. Columnist Sohail Hashmi will address a session to demonstrate how citizens can be involved in the drive to save lakes.

The World Wide Fund for Nature, Bombay Natural History Society, Bishnoi Tiger Force and the U.S.-based Environmental Education and Conservation Global are extending support to the much-awaited annual event.

Noted environmentalist and TWSI honorary secretary Harsh Vardhan said here on Wednesday that the city-centric lakes in the country receive most of the water from the sewerage released by people through open drains, while the municipal authorities often do not try to treat sewage or re-use the treated water.

The Union Environment and Forest Ministry, which seems to be the agency taking charge of lakes, has funded more than Rs.1,000 crore to over 100 lakes during the past decade. “However, it is not known how many of them were conserved at the parameters set out by the Ministry,” said Mr. Vardhan.

The confusion about the responsibility for lakes also persists because of the Urban Development Ministry not including urban lakes within its ambit while funding the city infrastructure. Mr. Vardhan pointed out that the 400-year-old Man Sagar lake was a “classic example”, as its control had changed hands from the Jaipur Municipal Corporation to the Jaipur Development Authority and the latter was in charge as of now.

“The JDA has not officially visited the lake for an overview of its health, better or worse, since 2005. Its water is with the Irrigation Department, fish with Fisheries Department and road cleanliness with Municipal Corporation, while the sewage treatment process is pitch-forked between JDA and municipal authorities,” pointed out Mr. Vardhan.

Against this scenario, the fair as citizens' initiative assumes the role to draw attention of the authorities towards the historic lake, as the future of the Pink City residents is intertwined with this water body in numerous ways, ranging from better health to enhancing the arrival of tourists.

On a positive note, Man Sagar is teeming with migratory birds these days, about 2,500 of them swimming or diving, like shovellers, pintails, coots, etc. The resident ducks such as spot-bill duck and common moorhen have bred in hundreds, signifying as the indicator of health of the scenic water body.

Source: http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/birding-fair-devoted-to-conservation-of-urban-lakes/article4363276.ece

‘Run-of-the-river dams won’t affect inflows into India’

GARGI PARSAI
Amid concern in India over China’s plans to construct dams upstream on the Brahmaputra, a senior government official said here on Wednesday that the run-of-the-river projects would not affect inflows into India.

Reacting to the news that China plans to construct three new hydropower dams in the middle reaches of the Brahmaputra (or Yarlung Zangbo as it is known in China), Union Water Resources Secretary Dhruv Vijay Singh told The Hindu that the Indian government was aware of the dams being constructed/proposed by China. “We are keeping a close watch. These are run-of-the-river dams with no storage and will not affect inflows into India,” he said.

However, the South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People, an NGO, said these being run-of-the-river projects, there may not be any change in the annual flows of the river, but the flow patterns may change and concern about flooding and erosioncould not be overlooked.

The Hindu reported on Tuesday that the Chinese State Council had approved the construction of three new dams on the Brahmaputra under a new energy development plan for 2015.

In India, the National Hydroelectric Power Corporation is constructing the Upper Siang Hydroelectric Project on the Siang tributary of the Brahmaputra in Arunachal Pradesh and the 2000 MW Lower Subansiri project on Subansiri, another tributary of the Brahmaputra on the Arunachal Pradesh, Assam border.

Source: http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/runoftheriver-dams-wont-affect-inflows-into-india/article4363288.ece

Solar fence to keep wild animals at bay in Wayanad

As part of a project to tackle man-animal conflict in the North Wayanad forest division, villages bordering the forests in the Thirunelly grama panchayat limits have been ringed with a 34-km solar fence to stave off raids by wild animals. The Kerala Forest Development Corporation has installed the fence for the Forest and Wildlife Department. The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) has financed the work.

Minister for Forests K.B. Ganesh Kumar inaugurated the first phase of the project at Kattikulam, near Mananthavady, on Tuesday.

The fence will be extended to a distance of 300 km through the Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary and the North and South Wayanad forest divisions at a cost of Rs. 6 crore, K.J. Varghese, Managing Director of the corporation, told The Hindu .

The corporation has identified 100 locations, each covering 1.5 km to 3.5 km, under the 10 forest ranges of the three forest divisions in the district to erect the fence.

The fence is erected on metal posts at a height of 1.6 metre. A solar panel, a battery and an energiser are the main components of a fence. The energiser is the main apparatus, and 100 of them have been imported from New Zealand. High-voltage electric current (about 10 kW) will pass through the fence, and the wild animals will get an electric shock when they come into contact with it.

A memorandum of understanding with the Forest Department makes the corporation maintain the fence for five years, Mr. Varghese said. A four-member team will be stationed in a base camp on the corporation’s tea estate at Kambamala, near Mananthavady, to carry out the maintenance. The Forest Department will engage local people for day-to-day maintenance in each locality.

The department has submitted proposals to NABARD to execute such projects in Kannur, Kozhikode and Palakkad, he said.

Source: http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/solar-fence-to-keep-wild-animals-at-bay-in-wayanad/article4363722.ece

Tiger died from poisoning, revenge killing suspected

R. KRISHNA KUMAR

• Special Tiger Protection Force deployed in the area to keep vigil on movement of tigers
• Forest Department will also interact with local community

A tiger, which was found dead in the Kakanakote forests (D.B. Kuppe range) of the Nagarahole National Park early this month, was poisoned in what is suspected to be an act of revenge.

The post-mortem report and visceral analysis indicate the presence of zinc phosphide, which is rat poison. This has sent shockwaves among conservationists and Forest Department officials.

This is said to be the first case of a tiger being poisoned in the national park, which is a major tiger reserve and home to about 70 of them.

R. Gokul, Director, Conservator of Forests and Director, Nagarahole Tiger Reserve, confirmed that the tiger, which was found dead on January 13 near the Kabini backwaters was poisoned. Its carcass, discovered two weeks ago, was intact, with no sign of external injuries, putting a question mark on cause of death.

Though there was a question of whether poachers had a hand in the death, this has been ruled out as neither the skin nor the claws had been removed. The needle of suspicion points to revenge killing and Mr. Gokul said the animal may have strayed out of its habitat and stalked livestock. Since tigers have a tendency to partially eat their prey and conceal it in bushes to consume over a period of time, the local community may have poisoned the carcass of the cattle, resulting in the tiger’s death, he said.

But the nearest human habitation is nearly 3 km from the spot where the tiger was found, casting doubt on that theory.

However, Mr. Gokul pointed out that tigers generally do not stray from their habitat in Nagarahole as the Kabini backwaters acts as a border between the national park and the adjoining human landscape. But due to severe drought, the backwaters has receded and turned into a grassland, with no demarcation separating the forestland from the outside landscape. “As a result, there is free movement of animals in the absence of a water barrier. We suspect the local community on the fringes may have driven their livestock inside the forests in search of fodder. The tiger may have killed one of the domestic animals and the village people may have subsequently poisoned the carcass as an act of revenge,” said Mr. Gokul.

There have been six incidents of tigers straying out of their habitat this season, which is unusually high. This is attributed to increase in tiger density inside the national park.

The authorities have deployed the Special Tiger Protection Force in the area to keep vigil on the movement of animals in the region. Apart from launching a full-fledged investigation into tiger poisoning, the Forest Department will also interact with the local community adjoining the forests and seek their help in wildlife conservation.

Source: http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/tiger-died-from-poisoning-revenge-killing-suspected/article4359419.ece

Killing of rhino by tiger worries Dudhwa wildlife officials

ATIQ KHAN
A day after the half-eaten carcass of a 34-year-old female rhinoceros named Pavitri was recovered from the Rhino Rehabilitation Area in Dudhwa Tiger Reserve (DTR) at Dudhwa National Park (DNP) in Lakhimpur Kheri district of Uttar Pradesh following her killing by a big cat, wildlife officials are perplexed at the tigers developing a liking for the one-horned animal despite the presence of ample prey base in the forest.

The late Monday night killing is the third instance of a rhino being killed by the roaming big cats in the last 14 months since the killing of a 35-year old male rhino in November 2011 followed by that of a young adult in December 2011. A female rhino named Himrani was attacked and injured by a tiger on December 1, 2011 but managed to survive due to the efforts of the park authorities.

In December last year another female rhino was mauled by a tiger in the rehabilitation area, but survived the deadly attack.

While the exact causes of the frequent attacks by the feline are yet to be ascertained, Deputy Director of Dudhwa Tiger Reserve Ganesh Bhatt said that it is not an unnatural phenomena as similar attacks have taken place in Kaziranga national park in Assam. “Calves and sub-adults and those rhinos who are weak are generally attacked by tigers, as had been the case with the adult female rhinoceros, Himrani, who too was weak,” Mr. Bhatt told The Hindu from DTR. However, the Dudhwa official clarified that the latest casualty, Pavitri was not weak bodied.

Since the tiger attacks have taken place in the months of November and December when the entire Terai region of Uttar Pradesh where Dudhwa is located is enveloped by dense fog it has been suggested that the big cats might have mistook the rhinos for some other animal.

Following the death of the female of the species, there are 33 rhinos in the rehabilitation area, which owes it origin to the Rhino Rehabilitation Project when seven rhinos were relocated in Dudhwa in 1984-85.

The movement of the rhinos in the rehabilitation area is being closely monitored and tracked by the authorities with the help of a unique identification system--the rhinos have been provided with identity numbers.

The rhino rehabilitation area in Salukapur in Sonaripur range of Dudhwa Tiger Reserve is spread over an area of about 28 square kilometre. The entire area is fenced but as the Deputy Director of the Tiger Reserve said that barring the elephants the other animals including the tiger can cross the fence and enter the rehabilitation area. Even the rhinos cannot venture out of their home.

The grasslands of the Terai region once served as the natural habitat for the Great Indian Rhinoceros ( “Rhinoceros Unicornis” ) before the last rhino was hunted down by “ shikaris ” and poachers in the 19th century. Some years after the Dudhwa National Park came into existence in 1977, conservationists played an enabling role in relocating rhinos in the area. In 1984, five rhinos including three females were relocated from Kaziranga national park under the Rhino Rehabilitation Project. Two of the animals later died.

In 1985 four females from Shukla Phanta in bordering Nepal were shifted to Dudhwa in exchange of 16 elephants. Today there are 33 rhinos in the rehabilitation area.

Since the majority of the rhinos in the area have been sired by a single male of the species - Bankey, now in his 36th year ( the rhinos can live up to 60 years ), who was relocated from Assam in 1984 as a calf ---wild life enthusiasts have felt that in-breeding would effect the immune system of the animals.

Source: http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/killing-of-rhino-by-tiger-worries-dudhwa-wildlife-officials/article4363274.ece

National Highway To Doom

BAHAR DUTT

No, Mr PM. Our green laws are not impeding the country’s development

AT A recent Cabinet meeting, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh lamented that green laws are the new ‘Licence Raj’. This is not the first time the PM has expressed this view; in 2011, he emphasised at a public forum that “saving the environment could not be at the cost of development”.

In 2008, he laid the foundation stone for the 3,000 MW Dibang hydropower project in Arunachal Pradesh, even though it had yet to get the green clearance from the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF). The clearance was in limbo because the public hearing had not been held as mandated under the Environment (Protection) Act (EPA).

The PM’s attitude towards green laws seems to propagate a myth that such laws are impeding development. For every three projects rejected by the MoEF’S statutory bodies, 97 are cleared. And those that are rejected can apply again. Also, more than 100 projects on 9,000 hectares of forestland have been cleared by the Forest Advisory Committee (FAC) in the past three months, which means we are losing forestland at the rate of 100 hectares per day.

Two coal mining projects were cleared in Odisha despite glaring violations found by the FAC. In the September meeting of the FAC, (Source: EIA Resource and Response Centre, New Delhi) more than 93 percent projects didn’t show any history of compensatory afforestation, yet they were considered. Worse, more than 90 percent projects were approved, even though the nodal forest officer, who has to give detailed comments on why the project should be given a go-ahead on prime forests, had either just signed or left the columns blank. Even areas rich in biodiversity are not spared, such as the Gola corridor, which is crucial for elephants and tigers in Uttarakhand.

The NHAI recently threatened to sue the MoEF over delays in green clearances. Here again, one needs to look at the ministry data. If you look at three highway projects that came up for discussion with the FAC, two were cleared and one sent back for additional information.

Take the example of Yamunotri-Saharanpur Highway. More than 1 lakh trees are facing the axe, and the application makes no mention of the damage to wildlife or biodiversity, yet it was cleared. Worse still, the project is based in UP, but a certificate from the collector of Mahasamand (a district in Chhattisgarh) was provided! Environment Minister Jayanthi Natarajan has made it amply clear that clearances are being held up because of incomplete application forms or false information. But these statistics seem to escape the prime minister’s eye.

In his 2011 Independence Day speech, the PM took credit for setting up the National Green Tribunal, but it faces many hurdles. Two years later, the regional benches are yet to be set up; there is no proper courtroom; many members have quit due to lack of accommodation; and a chairperson was appointed only after the SC forced the Centre’s hand.

Green laws are not ‘Licence Raj’, Mr PM. They were introduced by your government, the Constitution and Parliament. The development brigade may show you the example of China. China’s breakneck speed of development has overshadowed the environmental disasters facing the country. Sixteen of the 20 most polluted cities in the world are in China. More than 70 percent of China’s rivers, lakes and streams are heavily polluted. Every year, 6,000 square miles of grasslands and forests are lost to desertification and over 300 species are endangered or threatened. Is this the development model we want?

Of course, we want to develop. But not at the cost of our right to fresh air and clean water or our wildlife. That’s what the EPA and the Forest Conservation Act ensure. They protect our rights to have access to clean air; they ensure the industries you give the licence to operate do so with some system of checks and balances. You would do well by supporting your environment minister, who has a tough job of balancing the environment and development needs, while ensuring these checks are in place. And the industry could do well by respecting the law of the land instead of being a constant crybaby.

Bahar Dutt is Environment Editor, CNN-IBN
letters@tehelka.com

Source: http://tehelka.com/national-highway-to-doom/

Cauvery delta ecosystem in deep water

G.SATHYAMOORTHI
The Cauvery eco-system is in deep trouble with the current year being one of the worst drought years that the river has witnessed.

The delta region, known as ‘Marudha Nilam’, can no longer have that nomenclature as it is now shorn of Marudu trees, a native plant. The ‘minimum viable population’ (MVP) size of this tree has gone down and has become virtually an ‘endangered species’.

Frequent loss of flows in the river over the past four decades has resulted in gradual degradation of the eco-system, laments K.V.Krishnamurthy, former Head of the Department of Botany, Bharathidasan University, considered an authority on the Cauvery’s flora and fauna.

Even the migratory birds would shun the State if the current drought-like situation continued, warns S. Balachandran, Deputy Director, Bombay Natural History Society.

Potability of the water along the banks of the Cauvery and the Coleroon is going to be a question mark sooner or later, apprehends V.Ganapathi, advisor, Exnora International.

Indiscriminate sand quarrying all along the banks of the Cauvery has resulted in the gradual loss of water- holding capacity of the river itself, says R.Nandakumar, who has spearheaded a movement against sand mining and has won a major case in the Madurai bench of the Madras High Court recently. “Loss of one cubic metre of sand will result in the loss of capacity to hold three cubic metres of water’, he adds.

Prof.Krishnamurthy told The Hindu that it was during 1970s such loss of flows in the Cauvery started and over the years the phenomenon has resulted in creation of “huge islands of vegetation” all along the course of the river.

“Such an island virtually looks like a forest near Grand Anaicut’, he points out.

The major problem arising out of this situation is that the sand in the river gets reduced and mud is formed. “The typical riverine land structure will be lost”, both with regard to “physical and biological parameters”. “Thus sand will become soil.”

Even in the Coleroon and some parts of the Cauvery such islands of vegetation have formed an aquatic bed and the size of this vegetation patch will gradually increase.” This will become a major problem in due course of time”.

As flow of water has become less, stagnant pools are formed and they give rise to noxious aquatic elements that prevent the flow of water.

Along the banks, the native vegetation is gone and that space is occupied by “alien invasive flora (plants)”. During the last 15-20 years this has been happening substantially. “Thus the threshold value of many of the native plants including Marudu has slumped”, says Prof.Krishnamurthy.

With regard to fauna, he says there were 80 species of 23 fish families in the Cauvery system 40 years ago. Of them five species are exclusive for the Cauvery. Now their population has dwindled and many of them have lost their MVP size. Same is the case with “fresh water prawns”. On the other hand, mosquito population has been on the rise.

Source: http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article3748784.ece

Formula to identify “inviolate” forest areas where mining will be banned

PRISCILLA JEBARAJ

Revival of “no-go” zone idea?

• “Identified pristine forest areas, where any mining activity would lead to irreversible damage, should be damaged from non-forest activity”
• India to be divided into grids of one square kilometre each, which will be scored using existing data

In what seems to be a successor to the controversial “no-go zone” concept, mining and other harmful non-forestry activities could soon be completely banned from forest areas identified as “inviolate”, using a formula created by a high-level Environment Ministry panel.

Wildlife sanctuaries, tiger reserves, national parks – as well as a buffer zone of one km around such protected areas – compact patches of very dense forest, the last remnant of a forest type and forests very near perennial rivers will all be automatically placed within the inviolate zone, according to a report of the Committee to Formulate Objective Parameters for Identification of Inviolate Forest Areas.

The panel was formed in the wake of the demise of the “no-go zone” approach, conceptualised by the former Environment Minister, Jairam Ramesh, which identified dense forest areas in nine major coal fields where forest clearances would be denied. Following intense pressure from the mining industry and the Coal Ministry, a ministerial group headed by then-Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee vetoed the idea.

However, in September 2011, the group of Ministers suggested that “identified pristine forest areas, where any mining activity would lead to irreversible damage, should be barred from any kind of non-forest activity.” Accordingly, the Environment Ministry, now headed by Jayanthi Natarajan, formed a panel to formulate parameters to identify such “inviolate” forest areas.

The panel submitted a report in July 2012, but the Ministry only made it public on Thursday. The next step is to actually prepare geo-referenced maps of inviolate areas using this formula. Apart from the automatic exclusions mentioned earlier, the formula calls for scoring of forest areas based on six principles: forest type, biological richness, wildlife value, forest cover, landscape integrity and hydrological value. The country will be divided into grids of one square kilometre each, which will be scored, mostly using existing data. An average score above 70, out of a possible 100, will also be declared inviolate.

As far as the fate of mining blocks are concerned, the report says that a block would be “considered inviolate if a majority of grids falling within a block have been labelled as inviolate.”

Source: http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/formula-to-identify-inviolate-forest-areas-where-mining-will-be-banned/article4346599.ece

The monkey menace

GAURAV VIVEK BHATNAGAR

Away from human habitation:Rehabilitated monkeys
at the Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary in New Delhi.
Photo: R. V. Moorthy

When Delhi’s Deputy Mayor S. S. Bajwa died in 1997 due to head injuries following a fall from the terrace of his house after an attack by monkeys, it brought to the fore the issue of monkey menace that haunts the Capital.

In the same year, the Delhi High Court had set up an enforcement committee to deal with this growing menace. In its report, the committee had suggested trapping of monkeys from inhabited areas and their relocation at Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary. The Court then directed the civic agencies to catch the simians, mostly rhesus monkeys, and ordered the Delhi Government to relocate them.

The Municipal Corporation of Delhi then approached the Court claiming that it did not possess the trained manpower to handle the monkeys and asked the Court to direct the Delhi Government’s Forests and Wild Life Department instead to catch them. The Delhi Government in its submission said it was the responsibility of the civic body to catch the monkeys. The High Court ruled that the civic agencies would continue to catch the monkeys, while the Delhi Government would rehabilitate them in Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary on the southern periphery of the city. The Wildlife Department is required to provide the knowhow and cages. Chief Conservator of Forest and Chief Wildlife Warden A. K. Shukla said prior to this Delhi had also tried contacting other States for rehabilitating its monkeys. “We had sent some of them to Bahraich in Uttar Pradesh and to Madhya Pradesh. But the States were reluctant to have them on the grounds that ‘they are carriers of rabies’ and the disease may spread into the wildlife. Then we suggested that we will keep them in rescue shelters and took back a few consignments.”

Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forest G. N. Sinha said the Delhi Government has been accommodating the monkeys from all over the city at Asola Bhatti. “To ensure the right ambience for them, the Territorial Army looks after the entire area, and fruit and leafy trees that can survive in the Ridge profile have been planted. A five-year period has been provided for raising them.”

Mr. Shukla said: “We have constructed 30 platforms for feeding them there (in the sanctuary) and about Rs.20 lakh per annum is being spent on arranging their food. There is also a contract with Azadpur Subzi Mandi to provide vegetables and fruits at reasonable rates.”

The wildlife officials believe that since due to the availability of sufficient food and safe environment the population of monkeys would grow manifold in the sanctuary and then may spill over into surrounding colonies, it was essential to introduce some population control programme.

“Sterilisation or tubectomy has not been found to be successful with monkeys as they open the wounds and so we are exploring the possibility of discussing with Wildlife Institute of India, Dehra Dun, if some oral contraceptives are available for them,” an official said.

Mr. Sinha said Delhi is also facing the problem of having few monkey catchers. “They are paid Rs.250-Rs.300 per catch and these days it is not a big amount.”

He said the Delhi Government is also running a “rescue shelter” at Rajokri where the simians are provided treatment and vaccination before they are relocated at the sanctuary.

The Wildlife Department is hoping that more emphasis would be laid on restricting the number of monkeys soon as after a point they would come in conflict with nearby human habitations. As of now it even lacks a veterinary doctor of its own; the lone post has been lying vacant.

It also believes that their population control was essential for maintaining a balance between primates and secondary species. “A sanctuary is meant for a variety of animal and plant species. The monkeys are ‘outside species’ for the area and their dominance would also disturb the food cycle,” said Mr. Sinha.

Source: http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/the-monkey-menace/article4349713.ece